Recovery of fear memories in rats: role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in infantile amnesia. The elusive engram: what can infantile amnesia tell us about memory? Trends Neurosci. Hippocampal neurogenesis regulates forgetting during adulthood and infancy. Neural plasticity in human development: the role of early experience in sculpting memory systems. in Oxford Handbook of Developmental Behavioral Neuroscience (eds. Development of the hippocampal memory system: creating networks and modifiable synapses. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Infant memory development: implications for childhood amnesia. These data suggest that the hippocampus undergoes a developmental critical period to become functionally competent.Ĭampbell, B.A. Thus, early episodic memories are not lost but remain stored long term. Activating BDNF or mGluR5 after training rescues the infantile amnesia. The formation and storage of this latent memory requires the hippocampus, follows a sharp temporal boundary and occurs through mechanisms typical of developmental critical periods, including the expression switch of the NMDA receptor subunits from 2B to 2A, which is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Here we show that in rats an experience learned during the infantile amnesia period is stored as a latent memory trace for a long time indeed, a later reminder reinstates a robust, context-specific and long-lasting memory. In spite of this memory loss, early experiences influence adult behavior, raising the question of which mechanisms underlie infantile memories and amnesia. Episodic memories formed during the first postnatal period are rapidly forgotten, a phenomenon known as 'infantile amnesia'.
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